Introduction to Discrete & Continuous Probability Distributions

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  ✅ 1. What is a Probability Distribution? A probability distribution describes how probabilities are distributed over the values of a random variable . Random Variable : A variable whose values are outcomes of a random phenomenon. 🧮 2. Types of Probability Distributions Type Description GIS Example Discrete           Takes countable values  Number of landslides per year in a          valley Continuous          Takes infinite values over an                 interval Rainfall (mm), elevation, temperature  📌 Discrete Probability Distributions 🎯 3. Binomial Distribution ✅ Definition : Used when an experiment is repeated n times , and each trial has two outcomes : success or failure. ✅ Conditions : Fixed number of trials (n) Only two possible outcomes per trial (success/failure) Constant probability of success (p) Trials are in...
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Measurement Scales

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 In statistics, there are four types of measurement scales: nominal, ordinal, interval, and ratio. Each of these scales has different properties and uses, and they are often used to describe and analyze different types of data.

1. Nominal Scale:

The nominal scale is the simplest measurement scale and is used to categorize data into distinct groups or categories. Examples of nominal data include gender, ethnicity, religion, and marital status. Nominal data can only be described in terms of frequencies and percentages, and mathematical operations such as addition, subtraction, and division cannot be performed on this type of data.

2. Ordinal Scale:

The ordinal scale is used to measure data that can be ranked or ordered in some way. For example, a Likert scale that measures agreement or disagreement with a statement is an ordinal scale. The scale is ordered from strongly agree to strongly disagree. In this case, the numerical values assigned to each response indicate the order of the responses, but not the magnitude of the difference between them.





3. Interval Scale:

The interval scale is used to measure data that has equal intervals between the values but does not have a true zero point. Examples of interval data include temperature measured in Celsius or Fahrenheit or time measured in minutes or hours. In this type of scale, mathematical operations such as addition and subtraction can be performed, but multiplication and division cannot be performed.


4. Ratio Scale:

The ratio scale is used to measure data that has equal intervals between the values and has a true zero point. Examples of ratio data include height, weight, distance, and time measured in seconds. In this type of scale, all mathematical operations can be performed, including multiplication and division.

It is important to choose the appropriate measurement scale when analyzing data to ensure accurate and meaningful results.

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